BRAIN FATIGUE - neural metabolism
The brain is the seat of our activities. It controls our motor drive, neuroendocrine, temperature regulation, blood pressure and cardiovascular operations that enable performance. Although the brain represents only 2% of body weight, it’s vast cellular population and constant operation place considerable demands on the body.
The brain requires 15% of the body’s blood flow and consumes 20% of the oxygen carried in the blood. The brain takes 25% of the body’s glucose in order to function correctly. The structure of the brain cell membranes of brain do not allow free fatty acids to enter cells to be used as fuels.
As the central component of body regulation and movement, any limitations in blood flow, oxygen and glucose availability severely impair performance. Brain fatigue in endurance sport does exist as a result of slowed metabolic action in the brain cells. With the muscles and the brain competing for limited resources the potential for reductions in blood flow, glucose and oxygen exist. Of most concern and effect is the reduction in glucose during long events to provide fuel, decreasing neuronal metabolism.
When neuronal cell metabolism falls below the level required to support basic cellular functions, such as uptake of glucose for energy production, protein synthesis, and excretion of cellular debris, there is an initial decline in musculo skeletal performance in order to sustain brain demands. If after these declines the brain is unable to source basic functions, cognitive functions decrease.
Low glucose levels post training/competition that are not replaced hinder the metabolic ability and performance of the brain afterward. This can result in tiredness and diminished cognitive function.
Specific training to enhance your glucose levels, more efficient movement techniques and better warm-ups are essential to save limited glycogen stores. The need to prolong brain fatigue is vital to exercise performance. This can be achieved with an appropriate nutritional strategy. Performance testing and training that monitors glucose levels is important to help train for endurance sports and events where there is a higher demand on the brain such as motor sport.
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